Monday, June 21, 2021

 

The South African Litvaks and Abba Eban: Strong Zionists-Goldfoot

 Nadene Goldfoot                                             

Aubrey Solomon Meir Eban; 2 February 1915 – 17 November 2002) was an Israeli diplomat and politician, and a scholar of the Arabic and Hebrew languages.

During his career, he was Israeli Foreign Affairs Minister, Education Minister, Deputy Prime Minister, and ambassador to the United States and to the United Nations. He was also Vice President of the United Nations General Assembly and President of the Weizmann Institute of Science.

His comment that Arabs "never miss an opportunity to miss an opportunity" (i.e., for peace), made after the Geneva peace talks in December 1973, is often quoted.

Eban was at times criticized for not voicing his opinions in Israel's internal debate. However, he was generally known to be on the "dovish" side of Israeli politics and was increasingly outspoken after leaving the cabinet. In 1977 and 1981, it was widely understood that Shimon Peres intended to name Eban Foreign Minister, had the Labor Party won those elections. Eban was offered the chance to serve as minister without portfolio in the 1984 national unity government, but chose to serve instead as Chair of the Knesset's Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee from 1984 to 1988.                                                                           

              Stanley looked a lot like my Uncle Charlie, I think.  Here he is with his 1st wife and two girls, probably at Tel Aviv's beach.    

Stanley Goldfoot, born 1914,  was my 2nd-3rd cousin.  I found him in his home in Jerusalem and was able to meet with him several times.  He had been the Chief of Intelligence for the Stern Group, a group of young men before 1948 that fought against the British, etc.  He was born in South Africa from Lithuanian-born Jews.  His family had gone to Ireland like my grandfather did from Lithuania, and from there to South Africa, which mine did not.  Instead he opted for the USA.  Stanley had a beautiful home in Jerusalem. When I met him in 1980-81, he had the very same slim physique.   

The Jerusalem Post Magazine-Newspaper  of Friday, September 23, 1983 on page 12, had an interesting article on the Jews of South Africa. I had found our grandfather Nathan in Ireland living with another Goldfoot relative.  They were both from Lithuania.   I kept that article with a few others and just ran across them again.  It mentions that they were great Zionists.  There had been for some decades, 120,000 Jews in South Africa, the overwhelming majority of them being Litvaks--ie, they, or their parents, or their grandparents, or their great-grandparents were born in Kovno, Vilna, Grodno, Vitebsk, Minsk or Mogilev. (or other towns in Lithuania like Telsiai or Papile)

My paternal grandfather, Nathan,  was from Telsiai, and  my 3rd cousin twice removed through genealogy; 4th through DNA connecting to my brother.   Grant Gochin's paternal grandfather, Samuel,  was from Papile.  Grant's Descendants of Faive Shrago Gochin born 1837 in Papile, Sialuai, Kuanes, Lithuania had married my Tsipa Goldfus b: 1842 in Papile, Lithuania. We have the connection vetted via DNA and genealogy.    

"There were a few thousand Jews in South Africa who had immigrated there from England and Germany.  Many of them had become immensely wealthy mining magnates, like Barmato, Oppenheimer, Joel, Philips and Albu.  They despised us as "greeners" and we loathed and disdained them, not because they were so rich---many of our best Zionists were very affluent, we had nothing against dear, lovely money as such,---but because they were assimilationists, would-be  "passers" when married their children to Christians, and even got converted.  We were all Zionists.

Max Gluckman:  

Many years later, after the state was established in 1948, Sarah Gertrude Millin, the novelist, was persuaded by Moshe Sharett to introduce him to Sir Earnest Oppenheimer.  Sharett hoped that the magic of his tongue would win this sinner back to Zion---there is more joy in Zionism over one who repenteth than over one who always believed---and that Sir Ernest would cough up a substantial slice of his gold and diamond and other holdings for the cause.  Sir Ernest's pockets remained closed, but he did agree to do something of greater value than a donation---he got the diamond Syndicate to help Israel's infant diamond industry with allocations of diamonds.

Still later, Sir Ernest's son, Harry Oppenheimer, whom I once interviewed and found  so attractive that I suspected his ancestors really came from Kovno, was completely converted by the combined persuasions of Judge Issy Maisels and Pinchas Sapir.  Whenever Israel faced a crisis---which was every few months---Sapir would ring up Issy to go to Oppenheimer to make him double his donation.  

Why the Zionists so dominated the lives of the Jewish community is a subject that fascinated Gideon Shimoni, of the Hebrew University's Institute of Contemporary Jewry, who wrote an authoritative book on Jews and Zionism:  the South African Experience.  This was remarkably good  up to a point, this point being the inadequate attention he paid to certain Zionists I revered throughout my boyhood.  In no other country did Zionists dominate organized Jewish life to the same extent as in South Africa.

Zionism was to my brothers, my sister and me like gin to Eliza Doolittle's aunt.  Our mother, Katie Gluckmann, was to Southern African Zionism what Henrietta Szold was to American Zionism.  She carried the flag, and fought the good fight, in every city and dorp (hamlet) between the Congo and Cape Agulhas.  (My cousin once put it to her that she should carry a few lines, like stockings or blouses, to sell to the Jews in between indoctrinating and inspiring them).  She was the 1st woman to be elected to the S.A. Zlionist Federation, and was chairman for endless years of the Keren Kayemet in South Africa.  There in a family tradition that she suggested the introduction of the blue box. 

I still remember the alarms and excursions when Vera Weizmann visited South Africa together with her great husband, and suggested to the leading Zionist women that they establish a women's branch of WIZO in South Africa.  

All the men leading S.A. Zionism at the time were as determined male chauvinists as any Prussian Junker, and they resisted the move by every possible means, foul or foul.  Our telephone hummed with calls to and from Mrs. Weizmann, Ethel Heyman, Deborah Katzen (later Sagorsky), Anna Franks and Mrs. Greenberg.  In the end, virtue triumphed, and the S.A. women's Council was created. 

As Gideon Shimoni points out in a thoughtful brochure issued for the Beth Hatefutsoth exhibition, South Africa was very different from America as far as the Jews were concerned.

While all the whites belonged to a privileged minority compared to the blacks, there were deep and bitter divisions and hatreds among the whites.  The Afrikaners never got over the traumatic experience of the Boer War.  The Jews, largely identified with the English-speaking section, were despised by both the Afrikaners and the English.  Social anti-Semitism was a deeply rooted phenomenon. 

It is true that Jews, Italians and Irish suffered at the hands of the WASP's (White Anglo Saxon Protestants) in America, but there was an overriding drive in the U.S. for everyone to become American in a melting-pot,---there was no such drive in South Africa.  We were South African patriots, but we were also well aware of the gulfs between us and the other sections of the white population.  We loved South Africa for its incredible beauty and its gracious way of life, but we knew that other South African did not love us.

We grew up trying to reconcile 2 somewhat contradictory dreams---to play cricket for South Africa and to emigrate to what was then Palestine.

The flame of our Zionism was kept burning ever brighter by the visits of great emissaries on Keren Hayesod and Keren Kayemet campaigns.  Weizmann, Nahum Sokolow, Colonel Kisch, Josiah Wedgwood, Alexander Goldstein, Mossinsohn the educator, Zuckerman the American---they came, they saw, they orated, they conquered. " 

And there my piece of the article ended.  How many immigrated to Palestine?  They could have been in the great numbers of making aliyah from 1882 on in 5 great migrations.

South African Jews in Israel are immigrants and descendants of the immigrants of the South African Jewish communities, who now reside within the state of Israel. They number around 20,000.  

A number of South African Jews settled in Israel, forming a South African community in Israel. Perhaps the most famous South African community founded in Israel is Savyon, which remains the wealthiest suburb in Israel. Large houses were built in the style that the community was accustomed to from their life in South Africa, each with a pool, and developed around a country club.

Abba Eban was from South Africa.  Born in Cape Town, South Africa, on 2 February 1915 to Lithuanian Jewish parents, Eban moved to the United Kingdom at an early age. As a child, he recalled being sent to his grandfather's house every weekend to study the Hebrew language, Talmud, and Biblical literature. He lived for a period of time in Belfast.

He attended St Olave's Grammar School, then Southwark and read Classics and Oriental languages at Queens' College, Cambridge, where he achieved a double first. During his time at University and afterwards, Eban was highly involved in the Federation of Zionist Youth and was editor of its ideological journal, The Young Zionist.

1,400,000 Immigrants went to Israel in 24 years.  Israel went from 650,000 in May 1948 to 3,164,000 by May 1972.  Of the increment, 1,400,000 are immigrants (olim).  There had been 4 major waves of immigration between them immigration continued, but in reduced volume.  

1. May 1948-and end of 1961,  754,800 olim entered Israel doubling its population including:

2. Refugees from the Holocaust in Europe--of Poland, Bulgaria and Czechoslovakia

3. Entire Jewish communities from Arab countries:  121,000 out of 130,000 of Iraq Jews;  44,000 out of 45,000 of Yemen Jews;  30,500 out of 35,000 of Libyan Jews

4. 1955-1957:  165,000 Jews from Morocco, Tunisia, Poland and other countries,  many Romanians came under family reunification plan.

5. 1961-1964:  215,056 came from Eastern Europe and North Africa

Since the SIX DAY WAR of 1967, there was a new wave of immigration from countries in North and South American, Western Europe and the Soviet Union.  by the end of 1972,, about 200,000 immigrants had arrived.  

  Here's some numbers I've found:

1948194919501951195219531948-53
Eastern Europe
Romania17678135954704140625371261122712
Poland2878847331250712529264225104208
Bulgaria15091200081000114246135938061
Czechoslovakia211515685263150241018247
Hungary346368422302102213322413986
Soviet Union1175323026186891982168126
Yugoslavia4126247042757288147697
Total72436109161787224672948801109313037
Other Europe
Germany1422532914396621421009094
France640165311655482271174350
Austria395161874623376453113
United Kingdom5017565813022331402513
Greece175136434312246712121
Italy53050124214295371547
Netherlands188367265282112951309
Belgium-61529719651441203
Total3851122035078248798264925250

Resource;

The Jerusalem Post Magazine , Friday, September 23, 1983, page 12

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliyah

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Jews_in_Israel#:~:text=South%20African%20Jews%20in%20Israel%20are%20immigrants%20and%20descendants%20of,They%20number%20around%2020%2C000.



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Sunday, July 01, 2018

 

A Founding Father of Israel: Stanley Goldfoot

                                                                   
Nadene Goldfoot
On May 14, 1948, 650,000 Jews were living in Israel and became citizens.  One such founding father was someone who had actively fought for this day, Stanley Goldfoot from South Africa, my newly discovered 3rd cousin.  He had become the Chief of Intelligence for the Stern Group, one of the fighting forces against the attacking Arabs and the British army.

Stanley was born on May 2, 1914 in Houghton, Johannesburg, South Africa.  He died November 24, 2006 in Jerusalem.  At age 18 upon graduating from high school, he immigrated to Palestine.  That year, 1932, had already seen the 1929  riots in Jerusalem led by Haj Amin al-Husseini, the Sherif of Jerusalem, also called THE GRAND MUFTI.  where many Jews had been attacked and killed by the Arabs upon hearing that Jews were granted half of Palestine for a Jewish Homeland by the League of Nations.  This had come about with the 1st World War ending in 1917 whereby the Ottoman Empire  had sided with Germany, the Axis in the war, and had lost their Ottoman Empire.
                                                                       
Stanley had heard a speech about the Zionist vision by Ze'ev Jabotinsky at the age of 18 which appealed very strongly to him.  It was all he needed to hear before packing a bag, leaving a shocked family and heading for Palestine.  He joined a HaShomer Ha'Tzair Kibbutz, picking eggplants in the fields and making floor tiles, called "balatot."
                                                                         
Since he had arrived alone without an entry permit, the British police soon shipped him out of the country together with another South African.  In South Africa, he was then drafted into the South African Army, where he learned to handle a rifle.  Stanley joined the Jewish Revisionist Party, another name for LEHI.

At first opportunity, he returned to Tel Aviv to open the first "School of English" which gave him entry into the British High Society where he was privy to important information from the top echelon of the British Army.  He was now able to pass this invaluable information onto other LEHI members.  Stanley did this with alacrity, under cover of legitimately representing English and French news.  His valuable "PRESS CARDS" gained him admittance everywhere!
                                                                             
Stanley with 1st wife Rebecca "Rollo" Finger and their 2 daughters born in 1942 and 1950
probably taken in on an Israeli beach after 1948.  
Stanley was active in many other activities against the British Mandatory Power while working in Jerusalem as a respected journalist.  Some of those activities were so sensitive that they were never made public.
                                                                     
King David Hotel, where I first met Stanley in 1980-1981
He said, "Don't worry, I'll know you."
 "According to the Israeli newspaper Dvar, as a member of the Stern Gang and also Irgun, Goldfoot was responsible for planting the bomb at the King David Hotel in Jerusalem on 22nd July 1946 which killed 100 British soldiers and officials. In 1948 he was also convicted and jailed by an Israeli court for the murder of UN envoy Count Bernadotte.   I could not find any evidence of his actual involvement in the bombing of the hotel, though he may have been in on the planning.  When I asked, him, he was mum about it.
                                                                     
My own uncle, Charles Goldfoot, looks so much like Stanley, I think.
Charles was born in 1906, a little older and would have been Stanley's 2nd cousin once removed.

 Goldfoot has subsequently been influential in raising large sums of money, allegedly up to $100 million a year, for the 3rd Temple  JTF through American Christian TV and Radio stations and evangelical churches. He did this by speaking in football stadiums in the USA.   Although van der Hoeven has denied direct involvement in efforts to see the Jewish Temple rebuilt, he has admitted that, " ... when supporters volunteer to give money for building a temple, he directs them to Goldfoot."

After May 14 1948, he made aliyah legally in 1956, having been living in New York City.  His main goal became his desire to establish a Zionist English newspaper,  THE TIMES OF ISRAEL.  This paper eventually appeared on the streets of Israel, New York and the West Coast of the USA.  For this purpose, he even spent a year in New York to raise funds to promote his newspaper.

In the first issue of the TIMES OF ISRAEL, Stanley wrote his famous controversial LETTER TO THE WORLD FROM JERUSALEM, which at the time, caused a huge stir.  His article is still relevant, and I am therefore, including it. Uri Gobey, a South African Israeli IDF admirer of Stanley, also added this:
                                                                           
"Eventually he became an intelligence officer and worked with Yitzhak Shamir."
 Yitzhak was also in the Stern Group and was Stanley's age, being born in 1915.  He became Israel's 7th Prime Minister and served from 1986 to 1992.  I had just left Israel in the end of November, 1985. Yitzhak died on June 30, 2012.

After the setting up the state of Israel, Stanley  moved to the United States. Then  he returned  to Israel.   In 1964, he decided to establish a new paper in the English language, because he sensed that the Jerusalem post, " was too leftist. He founded Zionist newspaper in the English language as "de times ugh Israel", published in Israel, New York and the west coast of the United States. In 1969, he wrote and posted the letter, now famous.  . He died in Jerusalem in 2006, at age 92.
                                                
    A LETTER TO THE WORLD FROM JERUSALEM

I am not a creature from another planet, as you seem to believe. I am a Jerusalemite -- like yourselves, a man of flesh and blood. I am a citizen of my city, an integral part of my people.
I have a few things to get off my chest. Because I am not a diplomat, I do not have to mince words. I do not have to please you, or even persuade you. I owe you nothing. You did not build this city; you do not live in it; you did not defend it when they came to destroy it. And we will be damned if we will let you take it away.

There was a Jerusalem before there was a New York. When Berlin, Moscow, London and Paris were miasmal forest and swamp, there was a thriving Jewish community here. It gave something to the world which you nations have rejected ever since you established yourselves -- a humane moral code. Here the prophets walked, their words flashing like forked lightning. Here a people who wanted nothing more than to be left alone, fought off waves of heathen would-be conquerors, bled and died on the battlements, hurled themselves into the flames of their burning Temple rather than surrender; and when finally overwhelmed by sheer numbers and led away into captivity, swore that before they forgot Jerusalem, they would see their tongues cleave to their palates, their right arm wither.
For two pain filled millennia, while we were your unwelcome guests, we prayed daily to return to this city. Three times a day we petitioned the Almighty: "Gather us from the four corners of the world, bring us upright to our land; return in mercy to Jerusalem, Thy city, and dwell in it as Thou promised."

On every Yom Kippur and Passover we fervently voiced the hope that next year would find us in Jerusalem. Your inquisitions, pogroms, expulsions, the ghettos into which you jammed us, your forced baptisms, your quota systems, your genteel anti-Semitism, and the final unspeakable horror, the Holocaust (and worse, your terrifying disinterest in it) -- all these have not broken us. They may have sapped what little moral strength you still possessed, but they forged us into steel. Do you think that you can break us now after all we have been through? Do you really believe that after Dachau and Auschwitz we are frightened by your threats of blockades and sanctions? We have been to Hell and back -- a Hell of your making. What more could you possibly have in your arsenal that could scare us?

I have watched this city bombarded twice by nations calling themselves civilized. In 1948, while you looked on apathetically, I saw women and children blown to smithereens, this after we had agreed to your request to internationalize the city. It was a deadly combination that did the job: British officers, Arab gunners and American-made cannon.
And then the savage sacking of the Old City: the willful slaughter, the wanton destruction of every synagogue and religious school; the desecration of Jewish cemeteries; the sale by a ghoulish government of tombstones for building materials for poultry runs, army camps -- even latrines.
And you never said a word.

You never breathed the slightest protest when the Jordanians shut off the holiest of our holy places, the Western Wall, in violation of the pledges they had made after the war -- a war they waged, incidentally, against a decision of the UN. Not a murmur came from you whenever the legionnaires in their spiked helmets casually opened fire upon our citizens from behind the walls.
Your hearts bled when Berlin came under siege. You rushed your airlift "to save the gallant Berliners." But you did not send one ounce of food when Jews starved in besieged Jerusalem. You thundered against the wall which the East Germans ran through the middle of the German capital -- but not one peep out of you about that other wall, the one that tore through the heart of Jerusalem.
And when the same thing happened 20 years later, and the Arabs unleashed a savage, unprovoked bombardment of the Holy City again, did any of you do anything? The only time you came to life was when the city was at last re-united. Then you wrung your hands and spoke loftily of "justice" and the need for the "Christian" quality of turning the other cheek.
The truth is -- and you know it deep inside your gut -- you would prefer the city to be destroyed rather than have it governed by Jews. No matter how diplomatically you phrase it, the age old prejudices seep out of every word.

If our return to the city has tied your theology in knots, perhaps you had better re-examine you catechisms. After what we have been through, we are not passively going to accommodate ourselves to the twisted idea that we are to suffer eternal homelessness until we accept your Savior.
For the first time since the year 70 there is now complete religious freedom for all in Jerusalem. For the first time since the Romans put the torch to the Temple everyone has equal rights. (You preferred to have some more equal than others.) We loathe the sword -- but it was you who forced us to take it up. We crave peace -- but we are not going back to the peace of 1948 as you would like us to.
We are home. It has a lovely sound for a nation you have willed to wonder over the face of the globe. We are not leaving. We have redeemed the pledge made by our forefathers: Jerusalem is being rebuilt. Next year -- and the year after, and after, and after, until the end of time -- in Jerusalem!
Stanley Goldfoot
Founder Editor
The Times of Israel
August 1969

His father was from Lithuania and had immigrated to England and then Ireland;.  Descendants of Simon Shimon Goldfoot.  With conditions in Lithuania, many Jews there had immigrated to Palestine at this time.

1  Simon Shimon Goldfoot b: 1874 in Telsiai, Lithuania, Russia/ Ireland d: October 28, 1958 in Johanesburg, South Africa Died: age 84
.. +Sarah Tavriger b: March 1887 in West Derby,Lancashire, England d: November 28, 1956 in Johanesburg, South Africa age 69.
                                                                       
Stern 1907-1942
Killed by British Police while being arrested
Stanley met Avraham Stern, the leader of this group, who was 7 years older than Stanley.  He was a Nationalist, knowing that the only hope for Jews'  existence was to have their own country back, since they had been scapegoats for everyone since losing their Jerusalem in 70 CE.  Many people today seem to be against the idea of Nationalism, but this is one example of the benefits of having one's own nation.

Abe, called Yair,  left the group, Irgun Tzevai Leumi in 1939-1940 as their leader because they had refused to continue anti-British activities in Palestine during WWII.  He had formed an underground organization later known as LOHAME HERUT ISRAEL.   The British called this the Stern Gang, which carried out acts of sabotage, etc.  Stanley corrected me when I mentioned it with this name and told me it was the STERN GROUP.   Yair had been one year older than my own father whose father had come from Telsiai, Lithuania as well.  The families were of course related.  Stanley was my 3rd cousin.  Being in the USA, my family knew nothing about him, nor were they ever aware of what was going on in Palestine.
                                                                                   
Remember the movie, EXODUS.  released in 1960?  Sal Mineo played Stanley, I believe.  Though Sal was short, Stanley was a tall, slender man in real life.  Based on Leon Uris' novel, this historical epic provides a dramatic backstory to the creation of the state of Israel in 1948, in the aftermath of World War II. Ari Ben Canaan (Paul Newman), a passionate member of the Jewish paramilitary group Haganah, attempts to transport 600 Jewish refugees on a dangerous voyage from Cyprus to Palestine on a ship named the Exodus. He faces obstruction from British forces, who will not grant the ship passage to its destination.  

Haganah, meaning DEFENSE, was a clandestine organization for Jewish self-defense in Palestine being the British weren't doing it. It took over from HA-SHOMER in 1920 and existed until 1948 when its members were transferred to TZEVA HAGANAH LE-ISRAEL.   After 1929, it intensified when the British policy was that of appeasement to the Arabs.  By 1931, Haganah split up, only with some reuniting  in 1936.  In 1939, the British WHITE PAPER put the icing on the cake with groups like the Stern Group becoming very serious.
                                                                       
Helen Goldfoot, 2nd wife that I met in Jerusalem
with ancestors also from Lithuania
In 1980 Stanley lived on Dor V Dor Street in Jerusalem (from Generation to Generation). He would have been our 2nd to 3rd cousin, and being a Goldfoot, would have had the Y haplogroup that my brother has, and that's QBZ67.

The Jerusalem Temple Foundation was founded by Stanley Goldfoot, a former "terrorist" member of the Stern Group  together with Terry Reisenhoover and several other American evangelicals to facilitate the rebuilding of the Temple.96 .  When I visited him in 1981 and later on, he showed me the plans for the Temple.  I had originally found him by using the telephone book-written in Hebrew, after seeing a picture and article including him about the Temple group in the Jerusalem Post, the English newspaper.  Imagine his surprise, being located by a new American cousin.

When Stanley died, this was said of him:  "Also, in every generation, there were Jewish heroes with vision who were willing to sacrifice everything, even their very lives, in order to preserve G-d's promise to the Jewish people.                      
Stanley Goldfoot

One such hero in our generation is Stanley Goldfoot. During his lifetime, Stanley witnessed the rise of tyrants such as Hitler and Ahmadinijad, who are bent on destroying the Jewish people.
Sadly, our friend Stanley passed away last week, November 24, 2006, at the age of 92. His family and all his many friends not only mourn his passing, but remember with gratitude his love and devotion for Israel and the Jewish people. "

Resource:  https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/state-of-israel-proclaimed
Book:  Genesis 1948-the First Arab-Israeli War, by Dan Kurzman; p. 557, 561, 564, 568
The New Standard Jewish Encyclopedia:  Stern Group Abraham Stern
http://www.templemount.org/goldfoot/index.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yitzhak_Shamir

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